Wisdom teeth are the last set of molars found at the back of your mouth. Many people wonder why these teeth grow at all. In this article, we will explain the purpose, causes, and other important details about wisdom teeth. We will also discuss their potential problems and how to take care of them.
What Are Wisdom Teeth?
Wisdom teeth are also known as third molars. They usually come in during a person’s late teens or early twenties. These teeth are the furthest back in the mouth, behind the second molars. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but some may have fewer, while others may have extra.
The reason they are called “wisdom teeth” is that they usually appear when a person is becoming an adult, which is seen as a time of gaining wisdom.
The Evolution of Wisdom Teeth
Wisdom teeth have an interesting history. Our ancient ancestors had much larger jaws compared to us today. Their diet consisted of hard foods like raw plants and meats. Their teeth had to be strong enough to chew through these tough foods. Over time, as humans began cooking food and using tools, the need for these large, powerful teeth decreased.
As humans evolved, our jaws became smaller, but the genes that control the growth of wisdom teeth remained. This is why we still grow them today, even though they may not be as necessary for survival. In many cases, the smaller jaw space doesn’t leave enough room for these teeth to grow properly, leading to potential issues.
Why Do Wisdom Teeth Grow?
Wisdom teeth grow because they are remnants of our evolutionary past. Even though they are no longer necessary for survival, the genes that trigger their growth still exist in our DNA. Some people may have enough space in their mouth to accommodate these teeth, but many others don’t. As a result, wisdom teeth may become impacted or cause other dental problems.
When Do Wisdom Teeth Appear?
Wisdom teeth usually begin to appear between the ages of 17 and 25. However, the exact age can vary. For some people, wisdom teeth never appear, and they may not have them at all. For others, they may come in much later in life, sometimes even after the age of 30. It is important to have regular dental checkups to monitor the growth of wisdom teeth.
Common Problems with Wisdom Teeth
While wisdom teeth serve no vital function in modern society, they can cause several issues for many people. Some of the most common problems related to wisdom teeth include:
1. Impacted Wisdom Teeth
An impacted wisdom tooth occurs when the tooth does not have enough room to grow properly. This can cause it to grow at an angle or remain stuck beneath the gum line. Impacted wisdom teeth may lead to pain, swelling, and infection. In some cases, they can damage neighboring teeth or cause cysts to form.
2. Infection and Inflammation
When wisdom teeth partially emerge from the gum, they can create pockets where bacteria can build up. This can lead to infections or gum disease. The inflammation around the tooth can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty opening the mouth.
3. Crowding of Teeth
Wisdom teeth can sometimes cause overcrowding in the mouth, especially if there isn’t enough space for them. This can push other teeth out of alignment, causing discomfort and possibly affecting the bite. In some cases, braces may be needed to correct the misalignment.
4. Cysts and Tumors
In rare cases, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to the development of cysts or tumors in the jaw. These growths can damage the roots of nearby teeth and affect the bone structure.
5. Tooth Decay
Wisdom teeth are located at the back of the mouth, making them difficult to clean properly. This can result in tooth decay, especially if the wisdom teeth are partially erupted. Proper oral hygiene is essential to prevent cavities and gum disease.
How to Take Care of Your Wisdom Teeth
If your wisdom teeth are healthy and not causing any problems, there is no need for concern. However, it is essential to keep up with regular dental visits to monitor their growth. If any issues arise, your dentist will discuss the best course of action, which may include removal.
Maintaining Oral Hygiene
Proper oral hygiene is crucial for the health of your wisdom teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to remove food particles and plaque from around the wisdom teeth. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can also help prevent infections.
Regular Dental Checkups
Even if your wisdom teeth are not causing immediate issues, it is important to visit your dentist regularly. They can take X-rays to check the position of the wisdom teeth and determine if any future problems may arise.
Removal of Wisdom Teeth
In some cases, a dentist or oral surgeon may recommend the removal of wisdom teeth. This may be necessary if the teeth are impacted, causing pain, or leading to other complications. Wisdom teeth removal is a common procedure and can often be done on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.
Signs You Might Need Wisdom Teeth Removed
Here are some signs that you may need to have your wisdom teeth removed:
Pain or tenderness around the back of your mouth
Swelling or redness in the gums
Difficulty opening your mouth
Recurring infections or gum disease around the wisdom teeth
Crowding or shifting of other teeth
Damage to neighboring teeth
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to visit your dentist for a proper evaluation.
The Process of Removing Wisdom Teeth
Wisdom teeth removal is typically done under local anesthesia, but sedation may be used for more complex cases. The procedure usually takes less than an hour. After the removal, you may experience some swelling, bruising, and discomfort. Your dentist or surgeon will provide instructions for care and pain management during the recovery process.
Conclusion
Wisdom teeth are a part of our evolutionary history, and although they are no longer necessary for survival, they can still cause problems for many people today. Understanding the reasons why wisdom teeth grow and the potential issues that can arise can help you take the necessary steps to care for them. Regular dental visits, proper oral hygiene, and being aware of any symptoms can help you avoid complications related to wisdom teeth. If problems occur, your dentist can discuss whether removal is the best option.
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