Wisdom teeth removal is one of the most common dental surgeries performed. For many people, having their wisdom teeth removed is a routine part of dental care. This is usually done when the third molars, commonly known as wisdom teeth, do not have enough space to emerge properly, leading to complications such as infection, pain, or crowding of other teeth. While most patients recover from this procedure without significant issues, it is important to understand that, in some cases, wisdom teeth removal can lead to long-term complications.
This article will explore the potential long-term issues that can arise after wisdom teeth removal. We will discuss the procedure itself, common complications, and ways to reduce the risk of long-term problems. Whether you’re considering wisdom teeth removal or have already undergone the procedure, this article will help you understand the potential risks and how to manage them effectively.
What Is Wisdom Teeth Removal?
Wisdom teeth removal is the surgical extraction of the third molars located at the back of the mouth. These teeth usually emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood, but in many cases, there is not enough room in the jaw to accommodate them. When this happens, the teeth may become impacted, causing pain, infection, or misalignment of other teeth.
In most cases, dentists or oral surgeons recommend removing wisdom teeth to prevent or address these issues. The procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the extraction and the patient’s preference. Once the teeth are removed, the patient typically experiences a recovery period that can last anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks.
Potential Long-Term Issues After Wisdom Teeth Removal
While wisdom teeth removal is generally safe and effective, it can sometimes lead to long-term complications. These issues are not common, but understanding the possible risks is important for anyone considering or recovering from the procedure. Below are some of the potential long-term problems that may arise after wisdom teeth removal.
Jawbone Changes
One potential long-term issue after wisdom teeth removal is changes in the jawbone. The extraction of wisdom teeth involves removing the teeth from their sockets in the jaw. In some cases, the process of extraction can lead to bone loss or resorption. This is when the body breaks down and absorbs the bone tissue that supported the wisdom teeth.
In most cases, the jawbone heals naturally after the removal of the teeth. However, if a significant amount of bone is removed or if the healing process does not proceed as expected, the jawbone may not regenerate properly. This can lead to changes in the structure of the jaw, which may affect the appearance of the face. In rare cases, bone loss can be significant enough to require bone grafts to restore the missing tissue.
If you are concerned about potential bone loss, it is important to discuss this with your dentist or oral surgeon before the procedure. They can help you understand the likelihood of bone loss and recommend steps to minimize this risk.
Nerve Damage
Another possible long-term complication of wisdom teeth removal is nerve damage. The nerves in the mouth are very sensitive, and in some cases, the extraction of wisdom teeth can lead to temporary or permanent nerve injury. This is most likely to occur when the wisdom teeth are impacted or located near critical nerve pathways, such as the inferior alveolar nerve, which runs along the lower jaw.
Damage to these nerves can result in numbness, tingling, or a loss of sensation in the lips, chin, or tongue. In some cases, patients may experience a condition called “paresthesia,” where the affected area feels abnormal, like a “pins and needles” sensation. While nerve damage is rare, it can be a concern, especially when the teeth are deeply impacted.
Fortunately, most cases of nerve damage after wisdom teeth removal are temporary, and sensation typically returns over time. In some rare instances, the nerve damage may be permanent. Your oral surgeon will take care to avoid damaging the nerves during the procedure, but it is important to be aware of the risks.
Infection
Infection is another potential long-term complication of wisdom teeth removal. While infection is more common in the immediate aftermath of the surgery, it can sometimes persist or develop later in the healing process. Infections can occur when bacteria enter the open wound left by the tooth extraction. This can lead to swelling, pain, and discomfort.
Infections may require additional treatment, such as antibiotics or, in rare cases, further surgical intervention. If left untreated, an infection can lead to more serious complications, including the spread of infection to other areas of the body.
To minimize the risk of infection, it is important to follow proper aftercare instructions, such as keeping the extraction site clean, avoiding smoking, and following any medication regimens prescribed by your dentist or oral surgeon. If you notice signs of infection, such as increased swelling, fever, or drainage of pus, you should contact your dentist immediately for treatment.
Dry Socket
Dry socket is a painful condition that can occur after wisdom teeth removal. It happens when the blood clot that forms in the socket after the tooth is removed either dissolves or becomes dislodged before the wound has healed. This exposes the underlying bone and nerves, leading to intense pain and an increased risk of infection.
Dry socket typically occurs within the first few days after the extraction and can last for several days if left untreated. The pain can be severe, and over-the-counter pain medications may not be effective. Treatment for dry socket usually involves cleaning the wound, placing a medicated dressing in the socket, and providing pain relief.
The risk of developing dry socket can be minimized by avoiding actions that can disrupt the blood clot, such as sucking on straws, smoking, or spitting forcefully. Your dentist or oral surgeon will provide guidance on how to care for your mouth after the procedure to reduce the risk of dry socket.
Changes in Bite or Tooth Alignment
In some cases, the removal of wisdom teeth can cause changes in your bite or the alignment of your teeth. This is more likely to occur if the wisdom teeth were crowding or misaligning the surrounding teeth before they were removed. After the wisdom teeth are extracted, the remaining teeth may shift slightly, which can lead to changes in your bite or even tooth misalignment.
For people who have already undergone orthodontic treatment or have issues with their bite, wisdom teeth removal could cause minor adjustments in tooth positioning. In rare cases, the changes to the alignment may be noticeable, and additional orthodontic treatment may be required.
To avoid these changes, your dentist or oral surgeon may recommend orthodontic treatment before or after the wisdom teeth are removed. This can help ensure that the teeth remain in their proper positions and prevent any unwanted shifts.
Sinus Problems
In some cases, particularly for individuals with upper wisdom teeth, there may be a risk of sinus issues after the extraction. The roots of the upper wisdom teeth are located close to the sinuses, and during extraction, the sinus cavity could be accidentally perforated. This can lead to sinus problems, including pain, pressure, and difficulty breathing through the nose.
Sinus issues after wisdom teeth removal are rare, but they can cause long-term discomfort if not treated. If you experience any sinus symptoms after the procedure, it is important to consult your dentist or oral surgeon to ensure proper treatment.
Conclusion
While wisdom teeth removal is generally a safe and routine procedure, there are some potential long-term issues that can arise. These include jawbone changes, nerve damage, infection, dry socket, changes in bite, and sinus problems. However, it is important to note that these complications are relatively rare, and most patients experience a smooth recovery.
To reduce the risk of long-term issues, it is essential to follow your dentist’s or oral surgeon’s aftercare instructions carefully. If you have concerns about the procedure or the potential for long-term problems, be sure to discuss them with your dental professional before undergoing wisdom teeth removal. By being informed and prepared, you can minimize the risk of complications and ensure a successful recovery.
Related topics:
What Happens If Wisdom Teeth Grow In Crooked?
Should Wisdom Teeth Be Removed Before an Infection Occurs?
Are Wisdom Teeth Removal Scars Permanent?
