A disruption in the balance between healthy and harmful bacteria in the mouth, often caused by inadequate oral hygiene, can lead to various dental issues. These include gum inflammation, periodontal disease, cavities, an overgrowth of candida (thrush), and painful mouth ulcers. Dental caries, while uncomfortable, can hinder chewing, detract from the appearance of teeth, and result in costly dental treatments. Furthermore, over 60 studies have established a connection between gum disease and cancers of the mouth, throat, and bowel. Chronic inflammation resulting from unclean teeth and gums is also a contributing factor to systemic diseases, particularly dementia, diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease.
While brushing is widely recognized as essential for oral health, it’s not a straightforward task. The timing of brushing in relation to meals, cleaning techniques, and dietary choices all play crucial roles. Dr. Naser Godarzi, a Master of Science in Oral Surgery and Dentistry and head of a leading dental practice on Harley Street, offers insights on effective oral hygiene practices:
Bacteria proliferate overnight in the mouth. Failing to brush after eating allows these bacteria to be ingested, adversely impacting gut bacteria and leading to an acid attack on tooth enamel due to sugars from breakfast. To combat this, daily flossing is crucial, as toothbrushes cannot adequately reach the spaces between teeth. Flossing helps remove plaque accumulation and shifts leftover debris to the tooth surfaces, making it easier to remove during brushing. Additionally, removing plaque allows fluoride from toothpaste to effectively protect tooth surfaces.
It’s essential to note that brushing teeth in an acidic environment can lead to enamel erosion. Therefore, brushing for at least two minutes is recommended. Start with the outer surfaces of the teeth, using a toothbrush angled at 45° to effectively clean the area between the gums and teeth. Don’t forget to brush the back of the teeth and the chewing surfaces.
Sticky candies and sweets pose significant risks, as they can become lodged between teeth. Similarly, starchy foods, such as soft bread and potato chips, can get stuck in the mouth. If you feel food is trapped, consider using a toothpick, rinsing your mouth, or flossing. Opt for water instead of sugary soft drinks, and try to avoid snacking between meals.
Most people are aware that alcohol consumption is not conducive to health. It can lead to a dry mouth, either by dehydrating it directly or through mouth-breathing during sleep. A dry mouth lacks saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health. Furthermore, alcoholic beverages, especially when mixed with sugary carbonated drinks, can be detrimental.
It’s also important to limit the use of antibacterial mouthwashes. While they can be beneficial post-dental surgery or for short-term gum disease treatment, they should not be used as daily preventive measures. Such mouthwashes indiscriminately eliminate both harmful and beneficial bacteria, disrupting the oral microbiome. Always follow the usage instructions on the product label or as advised by your dentist.
In addition to being a direct irritant, alcohol can also dry out the mouth, which reduces the protective saliva necessary for oral health. Rinsing with liquid—even water—after brushing can inadvertently swallow bacteria from between the teeth, potentially affecting gut health. Be particularly cautious with mouthwashes containing strong agents like chlorine dioxide (found in products such as Colgate Total and Dentyl Dual Action), as these should not be ingested. If used, rinse thoroughly with water afterward to minimize the risk of accidental swallowing.
A natural alternative for mouth rinsing is salt water, which can be made at home and has gentle antibacterial properties. Salt water is particularly effective in soothing inflamed tissues. Using a fluoride rinse, free from alcohol and antibacterial agents, can also provide benefits. Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent cavities. However, it should be used after cleaning the teeth without rinsing with plain water afterward.
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