“Your regular dental check-up isn’t just about identifying problems with your teeth and gums,” says Dr. Neil Sikka, Chief Dental Officer for Bupa UK. “Dentists can also detect signs of other health conditions when examining the mouth, and they assess the health of your jaw joints and screen for oral cancers.”
The connection between oral health and overall wellness is becoming increasingly clear as research uncovers links between chronic oral inflammation and its impact on other parts of the body.
Dr. Sikka shares with ALEX LLOYD how oral health can reveal much about a person’s wider health.
Cardiovascular Health and Oral Hygiene
Multiple studies have linked poor oral health, such as gum disease or tooth loss, with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke. While the exact reasons are still being investigated, one theory suggests that bacteria responsible for gum infections, like gingivitis, can spread to other parts of the body, damaging blood vessels.
Another explanation could be related to the body’s inflammatory response. Inflamed gums have increased blood flow and periodontal pockets—gaps between teeth and gums—that allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to widespread inflammation and immune system stress.
Mouth Ulcers and Nutrient Deficiencies
Recurrent mouth ulcers can sometimes be a sign of underlying nutrient deficiencies, such as iron deficiency or lack of essential vitamins. Dr. Sikka advises that if ulcers persist and no dental cause is identified, patients should consider getting a blood test. In addition to iron, deficiencies in zinc, vitamin B12, and folate could also be to blame, and dietary adjustments or supplements may help address the issue.
Pregnancy and Oral Health
Pregnancy can have a significant impact on oral health due to hormonal changes. Expectant mothers in the UK are eligible for free NHS dental care during pregnancy and up to one year after giving birth.
Research has shown that women who experience early labor tend to have worse gum health than those who deliver full-term. They were found to have four times worse gum scores and eight times more plaque. These findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology, also linked untreated dental issues, such as decay or fillings, to a higher risk of premature birth.
Oral Health and Digestive Disorders
Your mouth is closely linked to your digestive system, making it a useful diagnostic tool for certain gastrointestinal conditions. Chronic diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which are caused by inflammation, can often present symptoms in the mouth. Persistent dry mouth and fissured tongues are signs that may prompt a referral to a gastroenterologist.
Acid reflux, particularly “silent reflux” where heartburn isn’t present, can also damage teeth. Stomach acid can erode tooth enamel, especially if it reaches the mouth during sleep. Dr. Sikka recommends lifestyle changes, antacid medications, and elevating the head during sleep to minimize the impact of acid reflux on dental health.
Dementia and Gum Disease
While the causes of dementia are still under investigation, recent research suggests that gum disease and tooth loss may increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. It was once believed that poor oral hygiene was simply a consequence of dementia impairing daily functions. However, new evidence indicates that the relationship may work both ways.
A study from the University of Central Lancaster published in January 2023 found that amyloid-beta proteins—closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease—are also found on the external surfaces of infected teeth. The presence of gum disease appears to accelerate cognitive decline, particularly in the early stages of dementia, highlighting the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene.
Bruxism: Grinding and Clenching Teeth
If you’ve noticed worn-down, chipped, or broken teeth, or have lost fillings, bruxism—teeth grinding or jaw clenching—could be the culprit. Many people unknowingly grind their teeth while they sleep, making it hard to spot until a dentist points it out.
Symptoms of bruxism include jaw pain, headaches, neck and shoulder pain, and earaches. Stress and anxiety are common triggers, and finding ways to relax before bed may alleviate the problem. Other factors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, certain medications, and conditions like sleep apnea, can also contribute to bruxism. Dentists often recommend using a mouthguard at night to protect the teeth from further damage.
Your oral health is a powerful indicator of your overall wellbeing. Regular dental check-ups not only help preserve your smile but can also uncover deeper health issues, ensuring timely interventions and promoting a healthier life.
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