Embarrassing and persistent, bad breath, or halitosis, often stems from an imbalance of bacteria within the oral microbiome. Recent research indicates that probiotics may hold promise in addressing this issue by restoring a balance of beneficial bacteria in the mouth.
Alexa Martin, DMD, a board-certified endodontist, emphasizes that the key culprit behind bad breath lies in the imbalance between “good” and “bad” bacteria in the oral cavity. When unpleasant odors arise, it signifies the thriving of “bad” bacteria and the reduction of beneficial ones.
In a study conducted last year, probiotics were shown to potentially alleviate halitosis by reducing levels of volatile sulfur compounds—the substances responsible for bad breath. The study included probiotics such as Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Weissella cibaria, and Streptococcus salivarius, administered through various forms like chewing gums, tablets, capsules, or dissolvable powders. Alternatively, these probiotics can be obtained through the consumption of fermented foods like yogurt, sourdough bread, and miso soup.
Another review in 2022 supported the idea that certain probiotics might offer benefits in addressing bad breath caused by oral factors, though experts stress the need for further research.
Halitosis can stem from both oral and non-oral factors. Oral causes include the consumption of specific foods, such as dairy products, which produce sulfur-containing compounds. Additionally, low-pH foods like lemon water and citrus fruits create an environment conducive to bacterial growth.
Neglecting oral hygiene, evidenced by inadequate brushing and flossing, allows bacteria to accumulate, producing sulfur compounds responsible for foul breath. Non-oral factors contributing to bad breath encompass medication use, health conditions like gum disease, chronic acid reflux, diabetes, seasonal allergies, respiratory tract infections, and gastrointestinal issues.
Experts believe that probiotics could be effective in addressing bad breath resulting from bacterial overgrowth and the release of sulfur compounds. Sean Kutlay, DDS, a specialist in cosmetic and implant dentistry, notes that probiotics may help restore balance to the oral microbiota, which is often disrupted in cases of halitosis. Probiotics contain bacteria akin to those naturally found in a healthy mouth, such as Streptococcus, aiding in neutralizing acids and preventing the proliferation of harmful bacteria.
While probiotics show promise, it’s crucial to acknowledge that they may not be a universal solution. Essential oral hygiene practices such as brushing, flossing, and tongue scraping remain integral for maintaining oral health. Persistent bad breath may indicate an underlying health problem, requiring a thorough investigation into its root cause.
Kutlay emphasizes that in such cases, addressing the underlying health issue is paramount. For instance, treating gum disease with deep cleaning, antibiotics, or surgery may alleviate bad breath. Similarly, health issues like acid reflux may require medication and lifestyle changes for effective resolution.
