The gums are swollen and hypertrophic, dark red or dark red, and the tissue is soft and easy to come out on probing. The gingival papilla was spherical (Figure 1). Swollen gums often cover 1/3 or more of the anterior lip.
Due to the hypertrophy of the gums, the gingival sulcus is deepened and a gingival pocket is formed, which is easy to store food, bacteria is easy to breed, and the self-cleaning effect is poor, so the inflammation is aggravated, and there may be deep secretions. If the body’s resistance is reduced, single or multiple gingival abscesses may occur, especially in the gingival papilla.
Subjective symptoms may include irritating gum bleeding, swelling, bad breath and so on. In the later stage of the disease, the gingival texture is tougher due to fibrous proliferation, and the inflammation is also reduced, which is also called proliferative gingivitis.
Hypertrophic gingivitis that occurs during pregnancy is called pregnancy gingivitis (Pregnancy gingivitis). Sometimes individual gingival papilla swell into spherical and often pedunculated, called pregnancy gingival tumor. After childbirth, enlarged gums usually subside on their own.
Some systemic diseases can also appear gingival hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Should pay attention to identification. like:
Leukemia due to increased white blood cells, accumulation in peripheral blood vessels, resulting in swelling and hypertrophy of the gums, pale gums, such as inflammation of the gingival margin congestion and bleeding phenomenon. In severe cases, necrosis of the gingival papilla or gingival margin, and bad breath.
Vitamin C deficiency gingivitis. The entire gums are purplish red and bleed easily. In severe cases, the gingival margin is necrotic, and bad breath is obvious. Patients who take phenytoin for a long time may experience gingival hyperplasia, which is characterized by the proliferation of buccal and lingual gums, which is nodular, firm in texture, light in color, and not easy to bleed.
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